A controller is a software application or hardware device that generates, manages, and transmits lighting‑control data. It interprets user actions or programmed instructions and converts them into DMX, Art‑Net, sACN, SPI or other protocol‑specific signals used to operate lighting fixtures and LED installations. Depending on its design, a controller may function in live mode, stand‑alone mode, or both, and can unlock advanced features within the associated control software.
